{"id":6581,"date":"2026-01-27T21:30:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T21:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/?p=6581"},"modified":"2026-01-27T21:30:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T21:30:56","slug":"drowning-part2-risk-factors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/noyade-partie2-facteurs-de-risque\/","title":{"rendered":"Noyades involontaires - Partie 2 : Facteurs de risque"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tLack of Swimming Ability\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many adults and children report that they can\u2019t swim. <sup>7,8&nbsp;<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research has shown that participation in formal swimming lessons can reduce the risk of drowning among children aged 1 to 4 years. <sup>9,10<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tLack of Barriers\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Barriers, such as pool fencing, prevent young children from gaining access to the pool area without caregivers\u2019 awareness.<sup>11<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A four-sided isolation fence (separating the pool area from the house and yard) reduces a child\u2019s risk of drowning 83% compared to three-sided property-line fencing.<sup>12<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tLack of Close Supervision\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> Drowning can happen quickly and quietly anywhere there is water (such as bathtubs, swimming pools, buckets), and even in the presence of lifeguards.<sup>13,14<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tWhere You Are\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>People of different ages drown in different locations. For example, most children ages 1-4 drown in home swimming pools.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The percentage of drownings in natural water settings, including lakes, rivers and oceans, increases with age.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More than half of fatal and nonfatal drownings among those 15 years and older (57% and 57% respectively) occurred in natural water settings.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tFailure to Wear Life Jackets\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2010, the U.S. Coast Guard received reports for 4,604 boating incidents; 3,153 boaters were reported injured, and 672 died. Most (72%) boating deaths that occurred during 2010 were caused by drowning, with 88% of victims not wearing <a href=\"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/gilets-de-sauvetage-nautisme\/\">life jackets<\/a>.<sup>15,16<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tAlcohol Use\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among adolescents and adults, alcohol use is involved in up to 70% of deaths associated with water recreation, almost a quarter of ED visits for drowning, and about one in five reported boating deaths.<sup>2,15,17 <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alcohol influences balance, coordination, and judgment, and its effects are heightened by sun exposure and heat.<sup>17<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tSeizures and Disorders\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For persons with seizure disorders, drowning is the most common cause of unintentional injury death, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/meilleures-baignoires-gonflables\/\">bathtub<\/a> as the site of highest drowning risk.<sup>18<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tNext: The Research on Drowning Prevention\n\t<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Go back to Part 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/drowning-part1-problem\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"404\">The Problem<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue with Part 3<a href=\"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/drowning-part3-prevention\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"410\"> Prevention <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\tSources\n\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. [cited 2012 May 3]. Available from: URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CDC. Wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER). Atlanta, GA: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics; 2016. Available at <a href=\"http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cummings P, Quan L. Trends in Unintentional Drowning: The Role of Alcohol and Medical Care. JAMA, 1999; 281(23):2198-2202.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spack L, Gedeit R, Splaingard M, Havens PL. Failure of aggressive therapy to alter outcomes in pediatric near-drowning. Pediatric Emergency Care 1997; 13(2):98-102.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gilchrist J, Parker EM. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6319a2.htm?s_cid=mm6319a2_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Racial\/ethnic disparities in fatal unintentional drowning among persons aged \u226429 years\u2014United States, 1999\u20132010<\/a>. MMWR 2014;63:421\u20136.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Branche CM, Dellinger AM, Sleet DA, Gilchrist J, Olson SJ. Unintentional injuries: the burden, risks and preventive strategies to address diversity. In: Livingston IL, editor. Praeger handbook of Black American health (2nd edition): Policies and issues behind disparities in health. Westport (CT): Praeger Publishers; 2004. p. 317-27.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gilchrist J, Sacks JJ, Branche CM. Self-reported swimming ability in U.S. adults, 1994. Public Health Reports 2000;115(2\u20133):110\u20131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irwin CC, Irwin RL, Ryan TD. Urban minority youth swimming (in)ability in the United States and associated demographic characteristics: toward a drowning prevention plan. Injury Prevention 2009; 15: 234-239.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brenner RA, Taneja GS, Haynie DL, Trumble AC, Qian C, Klinger RM, Klevanoff MA. Association between swimming lessons and drowning in childhood: A case-control study. Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine 2009;163(3):203-10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yang L, Nong QQ, Li CL, Feng QM, Lo SK. Risk factors for childhood drowning in rural regions of a developing country : a case-control study. Injury Prevention, 2007; 13:178-182.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Safety barrier guidelines for residential pools [online]. [cited 2023 August 23rd]. Available from URL: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/s3fs-public\/362%20safety%20barrier%20guidelines%20for%20pools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/s3fs-public\/362%20safety%20barrier%20guidelines%20for%20pools.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thompson DC, Rivara FP. Pool fencing for preventing drowning in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000; 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Submersions related to non-pool and non-spa products, 2011 report.[online]. [cited 2012 May 9]. Available from URL: http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/LIBRARY\/FOIA\/FOIA11\/os\/nonpoolsub2011.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pelletier AR, Gilchrist J. Fatalities in swimming pools with lifeguards: USA, 2000-2008. Injury Prevention, 2011;17:250-253.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (US). Recreational Boating Statistics \u2013 2010 [online]. [cited 2012 May 3]. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uscgboating.org\/assets\/1\/workflow_staging\/Page\/2010_Recreational_Boating_Statistics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.uscgboating.org\/assets\/1\/workflow_staging\/Page\/2010_Recreational_Boating_Statistics.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cummings P, Mueller BA, Quan L. Association between wearing a personal floatation device and death by drowning among recreational boaters: a matched cohort analysis of United States Coast Guard data. Injury Prevention 2011;17:156-159.14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Driscoll TR, Harrison JA, Steenkamp M. Review of the role of alcohol in drowning associated with recreational aquatic activity. Injury Prevention 2004;10:107\u2013113.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lhatoo SD, Sander JWAS. Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005; 46(Suppl. 11):36\u201339.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kyriacou DN, Arcinue EL, Peek C, Kraus JF. Effect of Immediate Resuscitation on Children with Submersion Injury. Pediatrics, 1994; 94 (2): 137-142.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>World Health Organization, Global Report on Drowning, available at URL:<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/global-report-on-drowning-preventing-a-leading-killer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/global-report-on-drowning-preventing-a-leading-killer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lack of Swimming Ability Many adults and children report that they can\u2019t swim. 7,8&nbsp; Research has shown that participation in formal swimming lessons can reduce the risk of drowning among children aged 1 to 4 years. 9,10 Lack of Barriers Barriers, such as pool fencing, prevent young children from gaining access to the pool area [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drowning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6581"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7108,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581\/revisions\/7108"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insmoothwaters.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}